CHAPTER 8:ACCESSING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION- DATA WAREHOUSE

LEARNING OUTCOMES 

8.1 Describe the roles and purposes of data warehouses and data marts in an organization.

8.2 Compare the multidimensional nature of  data warehouses (and data marts) with the two-dimensional nature of databases.

8.3 Identify the importance of ensuring the cleanliness of information throughout an organization.

8.4 Explain the relationship between business intelligence and a data warehouse.

1.History of Data Warehousing

⇾Data warehouses extend the transformation of data into information because variety number of databases.

⇢In the 1990's executives became less concerned with the day-to-day business operations and more concerned with overall business functions.

➟The data warehouse provided the ability to support decision making without disrupting the day-to-day operations.

➨The day-to-day activities such as customer service and billing.

⇨Cannot handle too much information at one time.

➔Databases become increases and they realize they want system that more systematic so that WAREHOUSE exist.

2.Data Warehouse Fundamentals

➪i)Data warehouse - a logical collection of information from many different operational databases to supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks(link to the business intelligence).The primary purpose of a data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision-making purposes.

➟ii)Extraction,transformation and loading (ETL)- process that extracts information from internal & external databases,transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions ,and loads the information into a data warehouse.

-Not all databases put at warehouse ,it keep internal and external database. Example :External for industries they key in data of competitors.

➣iii)Data mart - contains a subset of data warehouse information.

   

➥data warehouse contain a lot of information 

3.Multidimensional Analysis and Data Mining 

➤Databases contain information in a series of two-dimensional tables. Databases and warehouse are totally different.

➤Data warehouse and data mart ,information is multidimensional it contains layers of columns and rows.

      -Dimension is a particular attribute of information.

➤Cube- common term for the representation of multidimensional information.

⟹i) Cube A - It have variety of product from different store and different promotions .There have all the information so that we can see everything.

⟹ii)Cube B - It for promotion II ,for all products, and all store.

⟹iii)Cube C-  It is data mart where as it only for certain information that we want.

➤Data mining - process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone.

*To perform data mining users need data-mining tools:

⇨Data-mining tool -uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information and infers rules that predict future behavior and guide decision making.

4.Information cleansing or scrubbing

→An organization must maintain high-quality data in the data warehouse.

⇝Help upper do good decision making.

⇨Information cleansing or scrubbing - process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect or incomplete information.

↝ Contact Information in an Operational System

↠ Standardizing customer name from Operational Systems ( it can predict redundancy so can cleansing or scrubbing).

↝Information cleansing activities 

⇨Accurate & complete information

5.Business Intelligence

➨Business Intelligence -information that people use to support their decision-making efforts (help upper level do decision making).

➨Principle BI enablers include:
    -i)Technology
    -ii)People
    -iii)Culture 

➠i)Technology -helps a lot ,nowadays even the smallest company with BI software can do sophisticated analyses .Technology is the most significant enabler of business intelligence.

➠ii)People- Without people no want can operate technology .It also can performance and use technology.

➦iii)Culture - A key responsibility of executives is to shape and manage corporate culture.Top level must have knowledge about technology and must adapt culture.